Gross NPA vs Net NPA are the terms that denote the total or a part of the loan that is not yet repaid by the borrower.
Imagine a situation where the borrower refuses or simply postpones paying back the money that they borrowed from a moneylender. This is a circumstance when the borrowed asset is referred to as the NPA or non-performing asset. Here, the asset does not longer generate income from that lender simply due to the fact that the borrower does not repay the interest’s principal amount.
Welcome to this post that clearly explains the facts and aspects of non-performing assets. Discover the meaning, terms, and differences between gross NPA vs net NPA.
What is Gross NPA?
Now, what do you mean by gross NPA? Simply put, gross NPA refers to the gross non-performing asset. This term is used by commercial banks. It denotes the total sum of an unpaid debt classified as a non-performing loan.
Usually, a commercial bank offers loans to non-honored customers. Financial institutes need to classify them as non-performing assets within a span of ninety days since they don’t get the net payment or its principal amount. That was everything explaining the gross NPA. Now, what is net NPA? Delve into the given point to learn further:
What is Net NPA?
Net non-performing asset or net NPA is a term that most commercial banks use to indicate less allowance for any uncertain or poor debts. In simple words, commercial banks offer an amount to cover their debts. Suppose one deducts provisions for unpaid loans, the overall sum will relate to a net non-performing asset.
Gross NPA and Net NPA: Key Differences
Tabulated below is the list of the difference between gross NPA vs net NPA differences.
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Parameters Determining the Key Difference Between Net NPA vs Gross NPA |
Gross NPA |
Net NPA |
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Meaning and Definitions |
Gross NPA is the amount of the debts an establishment or people owe to the organization that has failed to collect or honour their contractual obligations |
Net NPA is the amount that results upon deducting provision for any unpaid or doubtful debt from the loan’s sum.
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How to Calculate the Amount |
These loans are the total sum of loans defaulted by individuals who acquired loans from a financial institution. Gross NPA = (A1 + A2 + …. + An) divided by Gross Advances Here, A1 refers to the loans given to the first individual (A1)
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These are the amount identified after the provision amount gets deducted from a gross NPA. Net NPA = (the Total Gross NPA) minus (Provision for the Unpaid Debts)divided by the Gross Advances
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Default Period |
Financial institutions provide the borrowers with a grace period after which the individual needs to begin the payment of the loan alongside its interest. But in case of the expiry of the payment duration, the credit institution will be obligated to present a written for debts that aren’t yet paid.
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Contrarily, the net non-performing asset doesn’t have any grace period. It is calculated instantly. |
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Causes |
Causes of gross non-performing assets are industrial sickness, poor government policies, willful defaults, ineffective recovery tribunals, and natural calamities. |
Note that net NPA is the principal product of gross NPA
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Actual Loss |
Net NPAs are the principal products of any gross non-performing asset.
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Net NPA comprises the actual loss that an organization experiences after the debt has defaulted. Note that the credit institution offers unpaid loans. So, the amount is deducted from the default amount that leads to the actual loss any organization faces.
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Effects |
A company having bad equity value may face difficulties in attracting investors because of low ROI and the company’s low share value
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Net NPAs impacts greatly on liquidity and profitability of an establishment. Here, low liquidity indicates that the company is unable to perform the tasks due to low cash. So, this means that the company cannot afford to operate its regular activities. |
Point to Point comparison between Gross NPA and Net NPA
From the narrative explained above, you can differentiate between gross NPA vs net NPA. Get an insight into the following points to compare both terms:
● Definition-wise, gross NPA and net NPA are entirely different. While gross NPA refers to the number of debts an organization fails to collect, net NPA is the amount of loan resulting after deducting provision for unpaid or doubtful debts from the loan defaulted sum.
● Net NPAs do not comprise a grace period, while gross NPAs have a grace period
● Causes of gross NPA may be indecent government policies, natural calamities, industrial sickness, or willful defaults, net NPAs are the principal products of gross NPAs
● Net NPAs may impact profitability as well as the liquidity of a company when compared to gross NPAs
Conclusion
So, you have now seen the difference between gross gross NPA vs net NPA. This post has also compiled the definitions, calculations, and other parameters that distinguish both terms from one another.
Frequently Asked Questions
Currently, it is envisioned that the NPA in India will further improve to around 4.9% by September of this year. The gross NPA ratio has reduced from 14.6% in 2018 to 5.53% in 2022.
The current GPA in India in 2023 is 5.53% as of December 2022.
Gross NPA (or GNPA) ratio is the total HNPA of the advances. Net NPA (or NNPA) uses the net NPA to demonstrate the total advances ratio.
NPA is calculated by dividing non-performing assets by the total loans. It offers the NPA ratio. After you multiply this figure (which may come in decimal), you get the overall NPA percentage.
The GPA is calculated by dividing a non-performing asset by the total loans. It offers the ratio in decimal form. If you multiply the amount by 100, you get the overall percentage.